1. Lalacewar al'amarin na kisa

A cikin injunan gine-gine daban-daban kamar cranes na manyan motoci da masu tona, zoben kashewa wani muhimmin sashi ne wanda ke watsa nauyin axial, radial load da lokacin tipping tsakanin injin juyawa da chassis.

A cikin yanayin nauyi mai sauƙi, yana iya aiki akai-akai kuma yana juyawa kyauta.Duk da haka, lokacin da nauyin ya yi nauyi, musamman ma mafi girman ƙarfin ɗagawa da iyakar iyaka, abu mai nauyi yana da wuya ya iya jujjuya, ko ma ba zai iya jujjuya komai ba, har ya makale.A wannan lokacin, ana amfani da hanyoyi kamar su rage kewayon, daidaita masu fita waje, ko motsi matsayi na chassis don karkatar da jiki don taimakawa wajen gane jujjuyawar abu mai nauyi da kammala ɗagawa da aka tsara da sauran ayyuka.Sabili da haka, a lokacin aikin kulawa, sau da yawa ana gano cewa hanyar tseren da aka kashe ya lalace sosai, kuma ana haifar da tsagewar annular tare da hanyar tseren tseren a bangarorin biyu na tseren ciki da ƙananan tseren a gaban aikin. yanki, yana haifar da babbar hanyar tseren tseren don zama cikin damuwa a cikin yankin da ya fi damuwa., da kuma haifar da fashewar radial a ko'ina cikin ciki.

2. Tattaunawa kan abubuwan da ke haifar da lalacewa ga ɓangarorin kisa

(1) Tasirin ma'auni na aminci Ana yin amfani da kisa akai-akai a ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙarancin gudu da nauyi mai nauyi, kuma ana iya bayyana ƙarfin ɗaukarsa gabaɗaya ta ƙarfin tsaye, kuma ana yin rikodin ƙarfin da aka ƙididdige shi azaman C0 a.Ƙarfin da ake kira a tsaye yana nufin ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyin kisa lokacin da dindindin nakasar hanyar tseren δ ya kai 3d0/10000, kuma d0 shine diamita na abin birgima.Haɗin lodin waje gabaɗaya ana wakilta ta daidai da nauyin Cd.Matsakaicin iya aiki a tsaye zuwa daidai nauyi ana kiransa yanayin aminci, wanda aka nuna shi azaman fs, wanda shine babban tushen ƙira da zaɓin ɓangarorin kisa.

Lokacin da aka yi amfani da hanyar duba matsakaicin matsananciyar lamba tsakanin abin nadi da hanyar tsere don zayyana nauyin kisa, ana amfani da damuwa na lamba [σk line] = 2.0 ~ 2.5 × 102 kN / cm.A halin yanzu, yawancin masana'antun suna zaɓar kuma suna ƙididdige nau'in ɗaukar kisa gwargwadon girman nauyin waje.Dangane da bayanan da ake da su, damuwa na tuntuɓar kisa na ƙaramin kurgin ton ɗin ya yi ƙasa da na babban crane tonnage a halin yanzu, kuma ainihin yanayin aminci ya fi girma.Mafi girman ton na crane, mafi girman diamita na ɗaukar kisa, ƙaddamar da daidaiton masana'anta, da ƙarancin yanayin aminci.Wannan shi ne ainihin dalilin da ya sa kisa na kisa na babban kintinkiri mai girma ya fi sauƙi don lalacewa fiye da kisa na ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayar.A halin yanzu, gabaɗaya an yi imani da cewa layin tuntuɓar layukan kisa na crane sama da 40t bai kamata ya wuce 2.0 × 102 kN/cm ba, kuma yanayin aminci bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 1.10 ba.

(2) Tasirin tsaurin tsarin na turntable

Zoben kisa wani muhimmin sashi ne wanda ke watsa kaya iri-iri tsakanin ma'aunin juyawa da chassis.Taurin kanta ba ta da girma, kuma ya dogara da ƙaƙƙarfan tsari na chassis da jujjuyawar da ke goyan bayansa.Maganar ka'idar, tsarin da ya dace na turntable shine siffar cylindrical tare da tsayi mai tsayi, don haka za'a iya rarraba nauyin da ke kan turntable a ko'ina, amma ba shi yiwuwa a cimma saboda iyakar tsayin dukan na'ura.Sakamakon bincike na ƙarshe na juzu'i ya nuna cewa nakasar farantin ƙasa da ke da alaƙa da jujjuyawar juzu'i da ɗaukar kisa yana da girma sosai, kuma yana da mahimmanci a ƙarƙashin yanayin babban kaya mai ƙarfi, wanda ke sa nauyin ya mai da hankali kan ƙananan ɓangaren rollers, don haka ƙara nauyin abin nadi guda ɗaya.Matsin da aka samu;musamman mai tsanani shine cewa nakasar tsarin juyawa zai canza yanayin hulɗar tsakanin abin nadi da hanyar tsere, yana rage girman lamba kuma ya haifar da karuwa mai yawa a cikin damuwa.Koyaya, hanyoyin ƙididdigewa na damuwa na lamba da ƙarfin tsaye da ake amfani da su a yanzu sun dogara ne akan yanayin cewa ɗaukar nauyin kisa yana da ƙarfi daidai da tsayin lamba mai inganci na abin nadi shine 80% na tsawon abin nadi.Babu shakka, wannan jigo bai dace da ainihin halin da ake ciki ba.Wannan shi ne wani dalilin da ya sa zoben kisa yana da sauƙin lalacewa.

(3) Tasirin yanayin maganin zafi

Ingancin sarrafa kayan kisa da kanta yana da tasiri sosai ta hanyar daidaiton masana'anta, izinin axial da yanayin kula da zafi.Abinda ke da sauƙin mantawa a nan shine tasirin yanayin maganin zafi.Babu shakka, don guje wa tsatsauran ra'ayi da ɓacin rai a saman titin tseren, ana buƙatar cewa saman titin ɗin dole ne ya sami isasshen zurfin Layer mai tauri da taurin tushe baya ga isasshen taurin.Dangane da bayanan kasashen waje, ya kamata a yi kauri mai zurfi na titin tseren tare da karuwar jujjuyawar jiki, mafi zurfin zai iya wuce 6mm, kuma taurin cibiyar ya kamata ya zama mafi girma, ta yadda hanyar tseren za ta sami murkushe mafi girma. juriya.Saboda haka, zurfin daɗaɗɗen shimfiɗar da ke saman hanyar tseren kisa bai isa ba, kuma taurin zuciyar ba shi da ƙasa, wanda kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin dalilan lalacewa.

3.Matakan ingantawa

(1) Ta hanyar nazarin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwa, daidai da haɓaka kauri farantin ɓangaren haɗawa tsakanin jujjuyawar jujjuyawar da abin da ake kashewa, don haɓaka ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin jujjuyawar.

(2) Lokacin zayyana manyan ɓangarorin kisa na diamita, yakamata a ƙara ƙimar aminci da kyau;yadda ya kamata ƙara yawan rollers kuma zai iya inganta yanayin hulɗa tsakanin rollers da titin tsere.

(3) Inganta daidaiton masana'anta na ɗaukar kisa, mai da hankali kan tsarin kula da zafi.Zai iya rage matsakaicin saurin kashe mitar, yayi ƙoƙarin samun mafi girman taurin saman da taurin zurfin, da kuma hana ƙulle fasa a saman titin tseren.